语法基础
动作(动词)
主语(subject) + 谓语(predicate)
什么 + 怎么样
可以独立完成的动作
主语(subject) + 不及物动词(intransitive verbs)
Papa Rabbit sleeps.
有一个动作的承受者
主语(subject)+ 单及物动词(monotransitive verbs) + 宾语(object)
Papa Rabbit likes you.
有两个动作承受着
主语(subject) +双及物动词(ditransitive verbs)+间接宾语(indirect object) +直接宾语(direct object)
Papa Rabbit teaches you English.
Papa Rabbit teaches English(direct object). 这里语义已经完整了
只有一个动作承受着(但需要补充)
Papa Rabbit condiders you smart.
主语(subject) + 复杂动词(complex-transitive verbs) + 宾语(object) + 补语(complement)
非"动作"
Papa Rabbit is tall. Papa Rabbit 是高的
Papa Rabbit is in the room. Papa Rabbit在房间里
Papa Rabbit looks tall. Papa Rabbit 看起来很高.(look比is多了一个看上去的意思)
is
作用是把动词后面的信息赋给前面的主语
这类动词称为(连)系动词Linking Verbs
系动词后面的补充信息,可以称为主语补语,也叫表语predicative
句子成分
-
主语(subject)
-
谓语动词(Predicate Verb)
-
宾语(Object)
-
宾语补语(Object Complement)
-
主语补语(Subject Complement)
-
定语(Attributive)
主要用来修饰主语或宾语
The little white rabbit ate a large carrot. -
状语(Adverbial)
主要用来修饰谓语动词
The rabbit ate quickly. -
同位语
Papa Rabbit, an English teacher, eats carrots.
Compund Sentence(复合句)
Complex Sentence(复杂句)
Main Clause(主句)
Subordinate Clause(从句)
简单句
谓语动词
- 不及物动词 vi. 主谓
- 及物动词 vt. 主谓宾
a fat pay rise
一个丰厚收入的增长
yet
然而
several of his staff members
他的员工当中的几个人
- I want to see you.
want是及物动词,主谓宾
- I came to see you
came来的目的,主谓状
主谓双宾 (人+ 物)
They gave justices permanent positions
They gave permanent positions to justices
主谓宾补(有逻辑上的主谓关系)
系动词
-
be 单独出现是系动词,否则是助动词
I am teach
I am teaching Engilsh
-
get become turn go grow
-
look sound smell taste fell (看/听/闻/尝/感觉起来)
-
seem appear (似乎) / keep remain (保持) / prove (证明)
定语:修饰名词,可以放在名词前/后
同位语:修饰名词,等于名词,放在名词后
状语:修饰动词形容词句子
定语
love song
reading room (V-ing表示功能)
washing room | smoking room | swimming pool
the girl on the desk | the bility to swim
the way of building a house
the way to build a house
高级
He is that(特别) handsome 他特别的帅气
All of me 我的一切
祈使句(主语省略)
youstand upyoiusit downyouhelp me
基本句型
主谓 宾 宾
- 双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成
- 直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者,间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做)
- 例如:Please give me a book. 这句话中的book就是直接宾语,me就是间接宾语。
- 也可以只带一个宾语:send him a letter= send a letter (to him)