语法基础

最后发布时间:2022-08-26 07:20:58 浏览量:

动作(动词)

主语(subject) + 谓语(predicate)
什么 + 怎么样

可以独立完成的动作

主语(subject) + 不及物动词(intransitive verbs)
Papa Rabbit sleeps.

有一个动作的承受者

主语(subject)+ 单及物动词(monotransitive verbs) + 宾语(object)
Papa Rabbit likes you.

有两个动作承受着

主语(subject) +双及物动词(ditransitive verbs)+间接宾语(indirect object) +直接宾语(direct object)
Papa Rabbit teaches you English.
Papa Rabbit teaches English(direct object). 这里语义已经完整了

只有一个动作承受着(但需要补充)

Papa Rabbit condiders you smart.
主语(subject) + 复杂动词(complex-transitive verbs) + 宾语(object) + 补语(complement)

非"动作"

Papa Rabbit is tall. Papa Rabbit 是高的
Papa Rabbit is in the room. Papa Rabbit在房间里
Papa Rabbit looks tall. Papa Rabbit 看起来很高.(look比is多了一个看上去的意思)
is作用是把动词后面的信息赋给前面的主语
这类动词称为(连)系动词Linking Verbs
系动词后面的补充信息,可以称为主语补语,也叫表语predicative

句子成分

  • 主语(subject)

  • 谓语动词(Predicate Verb)

  • 宾语(Object)

  • 宾语补语(Object Complement)

  • 主语补语(Subject Complement)

  • 定语(Attributive)
    主要用来修饰主语或宾语
    The little white rabbit ate a large carrot.

  • 状语(Adverbial)
    主要用来修饰谓语动词
    The rabbit ate quickly.

  • 同位语
    Papa Rabbit, an English teacher, eats carrots.

Compund Sentence(复合句)
Complex Sentence(复杂句)
Main Clause(主句)
Subordinate Clause(从句)

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简单句

谓语动词

  • 不及物动词 vi. 主谓
  • 及物动词 vt. 主谓宾

a fat pay rise 一个丰厚收入的增长

yet 然而

several of his staff members 他的员工当中的几个人

  • I want to see you.

want是及物动词,主谓宾

  • I came to see you

came来的目的,主谓状

主谓双宾 (人+ 物)

They gave justices permanent positions

They gave permanent positions to justices

主谓宾补(有逻辑上的主谓关系)

系动词

  1. be 单独出现是系动词,否则是助动词

    I am teach

    I am teaching Engilsh

  2. get become turn go grow

  3. look sound smell taste fell (看/听/闻/尝/感觉起来)

  4. seem appear (似乎) / keep remain (保持) / prove (证明)

定语:修饰名词,可以放在名词前/后
同位语:修饰名词,等于名词,放在名词后
状语:修饰动词形容词句子

定语

love song

reading room (V-ing表示功能)

washing room | smoking room | swimming pool

the girl on the desk | the bility to swim

the way of building a house

the way to build a house

高级

He is that(特别) handsome 他特别的帅气

All of me 我的一切

祈使句(主语省略)

  • you stand up
  • yoiu sit down
  • you help me

基本句型

主谓 宾 宾

  • 双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成
  • 直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者,间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做)
  • 例如:Please give me a book. 这句话中的book就是直接宾语,me就是间接宾语。
  • 也可以只带一个宾语:send him a letter= send a letter (to him)