肿瘤临床研究基本概念

days_to_new_tumor_event_after_initial_treatment
days_to_additional_surgery_metastatic_procedure
https://www.biostars.org/p/397150/

library(TCGAbiolinks)
# clinical data
query_clin_LIHC <- GDCquery(project = "TCGA-CHOL",
                            data.category = "Clinical",
                            data.type = "Clinical Supplement",
                            data.format = "BCR Biotab")
# GDCdownload(query_clin_LIHC)
clinical.BCRtab.all <- GDCprepare(query_clin_LIHC)
names(clinical.BCRtab.all)
sort(colnames(clinical.BCRtab.all$clinical_patient_lihc))
subset(clinical.BCRtab.all$clinical_follow_up_v4.0_nte_chol, select=c(
        "days_to_new_tumor_event_after_initial_treatment",
        "days_to_new_tumor_event_additional_surgery_procedure")) |> View()

图片alt

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grade

细胞看起来和组织得越多异常,癌症的等级就越高。高等级的癌细胞往往更具侵略性。它们被称为低分化或未分化。

一些癌症具有自己的肿瘤分级系统。大多数使用标准的1-4等级量表。

1级:肿瘤细胞和组织看起来最像健康的细胞和组织。被认为是低度肿瘤。
2级:细胞和组织有些异常,被称为中度分化。这些是中度肿瘤。
3级:癌细胞和组织看起来非常异常。
4级:这些未分化的癌症具有最异常的外观细胞。这些是最高等级的,通常比低等级的肿瘤生长和扩散更快。

stage

等级描述癌细胞和组织的外观,而癌症的阶段则说明原发性肿瘤的大小以及癌症在患者体内的扩散程度。
有几种不同的系统。其中许多是针对特定种类的癌症而创建的。其他可以用来描述几种类型的癌症。

阶段0至阶段IV
阶段0用于尚未扩散且不被视为癌症的异常细胞,尽管它们将来可能会癌变。此阶段也称为“原位”。
第一阶段至第三阶段适用于尚未扩散至原发肿瘤部位或仅扩散至附近组织的癌症。分期数越高,肿瘤越大,扩散越多。
第四阶段癌症已经扩散到身体的远处。

TNM分期

TNM分期系统是基于肿瘤的范围,淋巴结播散情况,是否存在转移完成的。

原发性肿瘤(T)
TX:主要肿瘤无法测量。
T0:找不到主要肿瘤。
T(is)或原位T:肿瘤仍在正常腺体范围内,不能转移。
T1,T2,T3,T4:是指主要肿瘤的大小和/或程度。T之后的数字越高,肿瘤越大,或者它越多地生长到附近的组织中。T可以进一步划分以提供更多细节,例如T3a和T3b。

局部淋巴结(N)
淋巴液将免疫系统细胞转运到全身。淋巴结是小的豆形结构,有助于移动这种液体。癌症通常首先扩散到附近的淋巴结并通过附近的淋巴结扩散。
NX:无法测量附近淋巴结中的癌症。
N0:附近的淋巴结无癌。
N1,N2,N3:指包含癌症的淋巴结的数量和位置。N之后的数字越高,则包含癌症的淋巴结越多。

远处转移(M)
转移是癌症向身体其他部位的扩散。
MX:无法测量转移。
M0:癌症尚未扩散到身体的其他部位。
M1:癌症已经扩散到身体的其他部位。

TCGA中临床信息

[1] "submitter_id"
[2] "synchronous_malignancy"
[3] "ajcc_pathologic_stage"
[4] "days_to_diagnosis"
[5] "created_datetime"
[6] "last_known_disease_status"
[7] "tissue_or_organ_of_origin"
[8] "days_to_last_follow_up"
[9] "primary_diagnosis"
[10] "age_at_diagnosis"
[11] "updated_datetime"
[12] "year_of_diagnosis"
[13] "prior_malignancy"
[14] "prior_treatment"
[15] "state"
[16] "days_to_last_known_disease_status"
[17] "ajcc_staging_system_edition"
[18] "ajcc_pathologic_t"
[19] "days_to_recurrence"
[20] "morphology"
[21] "ajcc_pathologic_n"
[22] "ajcc_pathologic_m"
[23] "classification_of_tumor"
[24] "diagnosis_id"
[25] "site_of_resection_or_biopsy"
[26] "icd_10_code"
[27] "tumor_grade"
[28] "progression_or_recurrence"
[29] "cigarettes_per_day"
[30] "alcohol_history"
[31] "exposure_id"
[32] "years_smoked"
[33] "alcohol_intensity"
[34] "pack_years_smoked"
[35] "vital_status"
[36] "gender"
[37] "race"
[38] "ethnicity"
[39] "age_at_index"
[40] "days_to_birth"
[41] "year_of_birth"
[42] "demographic_id"
[43] "year_of_death"
[44] "days_to_death"
[45] "treatments_pharmaceutical_days_to_treatment_end"
[46] "treatments_pharmaceutical_days_to_treatment_start"
[47] "treatments_pharmaceutical_treatment_id"
[48] "treatments_pharmaceutical_regimen_or_line_of_therapy"
[49] "treatments_pharmaceutical_treatment_type"
[50] "treatments_pharmaceutical_treatment_effect"
[51] "treatments_pharmaceutical_therapeutic_agents"
[52] "treatments_pharmaceutical_treatment_or_therapy"
[53] "treatments_pharmaceutical_initial_disease_status"
[54] "treatments_pharmaceutical_treatment_intent_type"
[55] "treatments_pharmaceutical_treatment_anatomic_site"
[56] "treatments_pharmaceutical_treatment_outcome"
[57] "treatments_radiation_days_to_treatment_end"
[58] "treatments_radiation_days_to_treatment_start"
[59] "treatments_radiation_treatment_id"
[60] "treatments_radiation_regimen_or_line_of_therapy"
[61] "treatments_radiation_treatment_type"
[62] "treatments_radiation_treatment_effect"
[63] "treatments_radiation_therapeutic_agents"
[64] "treatments_radiation_treatment_or_therapy"
[65] "treatments_radiation_initial_disease_status"
[66] "treatments_radiation_treatment_intent_type"
[67] "treatments_radiation_treatment_anatomic_site"
[68] "treatments_radiation_treatment_outcome"
[69] "bcr_patient_barcode"
[70] "disease"

参考